What are the components of the vertebral column?

The vertebral column, also known as the spine, is a complex structure composed of individual vertebrae that are categorized into distinct regions. The correct answer includes all five major regions of the vertebral column: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae.

The cervical vertebrae consist of seven vertebrae located in the neck region. The thoracic region contains twelve vertebrae that articulate with the ribs. The lumbar region includes five vertebrae in the lower back, which are larger and designed to support more weight. The sacrum is made up of five fused vertebrae that connect the spine to the pelvis, and the coccyx, or tailbone, consists of typically four fused vertebrae at the bottom of the spinal column. Together, these components allow for both structural support and protection of the spinal cord while providing flexibility and mobility to the body.

The other options fail to encompass the full and accurate anatomical structures of the vertebral column. While some mention regions or parts of the spine, they do not provide a complete and precise description as reflected in the correct answer.